Knowledge Management in High Risk Industries by Philippe Fauquet-Alekhine

Author:Philippe Fauquet-Alekhine
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030492137
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

4.1.2 Data Analysis Through Confrontation with Subjective Video

Analysing data within the SEBE framework implies confronting the subject to the subjective video through a subjective replay interview (RIW). This stage of the analysis is essential since according to Leplat (2000), observing an activity says little about the intentions, considered options and the mental operations of the subject. Hence, video data is not sufficient to achieve the objective of capitalization and transfer of knowledge. In particular, they give no information about the subject’s perception neither of the situation nor of the element of the work context that guide decision-making processes. Moreover, they give no direct access to non-observable knowledge or know-how, which seems inaccessible because of tacit knowledge.

Confronting the subject with the subjective video as done in the SEBE framework refers to situational approaches in that they favour the setting in the foreground of the subject in a situation. They are opposed to non-situational approaches (Coolican, 2009; Crane & Hannibal, 2009; Denning, 2004; Garcia-Lorenzo, 2010; Oddone, Re, & Briante, 1981) which adopt a more distant view of the situation by providing methodological tools more centred on reports or preparations of activities and/or past and future events.

Subjective replay interview or RIW (Lahlou, 2011) takes from techniques of self-confrontation 2 developed by Von Cranach, Kalbermatten, Indermühle, and Gugler (1982) and later by Theureau (2002) as a method of investigation of human activity in the framework of his theory of goal-oriented activity and explicitation interview (Vermersch 1994) which is a descriptive verbal implementation of action experienced by a subject. The RIW method is similar to the cued recall debrief developed by Omodei and McLennan (1994) and applied by others (see, for example, Bentley, Johnston, & Baggo, 2005; Rix & Biache 2004). It aims at explaining the subjects’ activity based on the video recording of their activity according to a subjective situational point of view. Subjective video is used as a medium of consecutive interview: particular sequences of the video are chosen by the analyst and subjects are asked to comment on them. During the subjective re-situ interview, the objective trace provided by the video recording constitutes a stable and reliable basis for the production by the subject of a comment relating to his/her activity and more precisely relating to the act viewed in situation (Theureau, 2002; Rix & Biache, 2004). The associated cognitive process is well described by Lahlou: “The subcam provides material that is especially relevant for the reconstruction of the mental activity. Experience shows that subjects are often able, even weeks after the fact, to recall the situation very precisely. We can check whether this is not a reconstruction by asking the subject ‘what will happen next’, and then compare with the actual action on film. This recall effect is probably due to the nature of episodic memory (Tulving, 1972, 2002). While semantic memory recalls general relations between objects, episodic memory is a multimodal association connected to an actual lived event (time, place, associated emotions, intentions, contextual knowledge and other associations), which come back as a bundle when the subject recalls the event.

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